Comprehensive Sex Ed. Programs vs. Abstinence Only...

Comprehensive Sex Ed. Programs vs. Abstinence Only Programs Sexual education programs taught in high schools nationwide would be much more effective if instead of focusing exclusively on abstinence only programs, they taught a much more comprehensive program, which informed the adolescents how to be safe when it comes to dealing with sexual activities. Abstinence only programs are the widely favored programs of the past and of present time, but now more and more adults are starting to believe their children would be better educated if they were involved in a more comprehensive program, that not only emphasized the teachings of abstinence but taught their children how to be safe, and how to deal with the consequences of their sexual†¦show more content†¦However, these ideas do not teach the students who have already had sex or participated in sexual activities, or those students that do not believe waiting until marriage is right for them how to be safe. It is basically information that is going in one ear and out the other. If these programs also taught the students information on contraceptives and how to deal with consequences, at least the parents know that their kids have the information on how to be safe. Abstinence only programs are state funded. Many of the nation’s tax dollars go out to teach these programs. Although, it is good that the money is being given to support some sort of Sex Ed program, many people are starting to believe that their tax dollars should go to support the program they choose which many times is now the comprehensive sex ed program. The opposing program to abstinence only programs is the comprehensive sex education program. This program does not focus on abstinence only, but teaches the students about contraceptives and how to be safe when involving themselves in sexual activities. â€Å"Substantial evidence of theShow MoreRelatedSexual Education And Sex Ed1697 Words   |  7 PagesSexual education (sex ed) in public schools has long been a controversial and debated topic in society. There are several questions when it comes to approaching sex ed in schools. These questions include: appropriate age for introducing sex ed; should sex ed be mandatory or optional; and whether sex ed programs should be comprehensive or abstinence-based. Sex ed is a necessary subject to teach in schools. It should be appropriate to the grade level and taught in a knowledgeable, unbiased manner.Read MoreEssay on Abstinence vs. Comprehensive Sex Education1339 Words   |  6 Pagesfunding was put to use in â€Å". . . sex education programs that promote abstinence-only-until-marriage to the exclusion of all other approaches . . .† according to the article â€Å"Sex education† (2010) published by â€Å"Opposing Viewpoints in Context;† a website that spec ializes in covering social issues. Since then a muddy controversy has arisen over whether that is the best approach. On one hand is the traditional approach of abstinence (not having sex before marriage), and on the other is the ideaRead MoreAbstinence And Comprehensive Sex Education999 Words   |  4 PagesI lean towards the abstinence side of the argument between abstinence and comprehensive sex education because of my religious beliefs. Although I feel abstinence should be the focus of sex education, I think it is important to teach young people a balance to protect themselves. While researching this topic, it seems that many of the articles have the same idea to teach abstinence along with safe sex which would be comprehensive sex ed. With the rising sexual transmitted diseases and pregnanciesRead MoreThe Debate For Comprehensive Sex Education1212 Words   |  5 PagesThe Debate for Comprehensive Sex Education Across the United States of America there is wide spread support for abstinence-only education. A majority of states require that abstinence-only education be the only form of sexual health education provided, or requires that abstinence be stressed above other forms of sexual education. These highly stressed abstinence-only programs are under fire as research comes out against the efficiency of these programs, and as new forms of sexual health educationRead MoreSex Education : Which Is Better? Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pages Abstinence or Comprehensive Sex Education: Which is better? Sex is in the air, everywhere. It is seen when the television is turned on in the morning, it is used to sell hamburgers and cereal, and is the cornerstone by which we gauge our success. Sex is everywhere and the youth of today need to be equipped to handle it safely. There are two primary paths that can be taken when referring to sexual education: Abstinence or a more comprehensive education. Abstinence educationRead MoreThe Effects Of Sexual Education On Public Schools1702 Words   |  7 Pagesmarriage to have sex. Sexual education taught in public schools does raise a couple of eyebrows because some parents think that young adults should not learn about sex at their age. Sexual education is very important for young adults to either use abstinence or condoms. Sexual education in schools are the proper classes for young adults to know about the different diseases that gets passed around and pregnancy. Social media plays a big role in this generation encouraging young adults that se x is ok whenRead More Abstinence-Only vs. Comprehensive Sex Education Essay2397 Words   |  10 Pagesthe early 1980s the issue of sex education for American youth has had the attention of the nation. There are about 400,000 teen births every year in the U.S, with about 9 billion in associated public costs. STI contraction in general, as well as teen pregnancy, have put the subject even more so on the forefront of the nation’s leading issues. The approach and method for proper and effective sex education has been hotly debated. Some believe that teaching abstinence-only until marriage is the best methodRead MoreSchool Based Sex Education Is Important For Youth1178 Words   |  5 Pages School-Based Sex Education in Youth Sam Thienel English 11 Mrs. Adelman 17 May 2017 School-Based Sex Education in Youth Thesis: School based comprehensive sex education is important for youth because it will help prevent teen pregnancy, the government fully supports sex education in schools, and youth’s parents feel youth should be properly taught sex education. Outline: Prevent teen pregnancy Comprehensive sex program vs. abstinence-only Birth controls role in sex education classesRead MoreEssay on Should Sex Education be Taken Out of Schools?969 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly active sex lives. No longer is sex education left to teachers and parents to explain, it is constantly in our faces at the forefront of our society. Regardless of sex education curriculums and debates about possible changes, children and teenagers are still learning everything they think there is to know about sex from very early on in their young lives. However, without responsible adults instructing them on the facts about sex, there are more likely to treat sex in a cavalier and offhandedRead More Abstinence Only Sex Education Essays2119 Words   |  9 Pagesdisparity can be attributed to factors such as income inequality, the presence of abstinence only education has a major impact on birth and STD rates in the United States in comparison to other countries with more comprehensive programs. It is clear that this difference in approache s has a significant effect, and the United States needs to act to ensure the health of its citizens. Urgent actions are necessary because abstinence only education is becoming more popular in the United States and more and more

How Media And Electronics Can Be Good For Not Only Self...

Imagine a life without phones,television, and computers. There would be no way to communicate long distances, and none of the technological companies we have today (apple, samsung) would exist. Screen-free week, a worldwide celebration is where kids,parents,schools, and even whole townships â€Å"pull the plug† on electronics for an entire week. Journalists believe that screen free week is a huge step to lessening use of electronics among teens around the globe. Many townships like Hillsborough, New Jersey are debating about pulling the plug and going back to the books for the entire week of May 4th to May 10th 2015. This â€Å"screen-free week† celebration is known to help people get off their electronics and interact with real people instead over social media where as people can take advantage of people and/or steal information. However, many schools are against screen-free week and are saying that social media and electronics can be good for not only self esteem but, can help people learn too! Yet, more than a thousand people are doing it world wide, and are working to help convince others to join the international celebration of screen-free week. As a result, screen-free week can help increase social interaction between teens, get rid of the everyday destruction of electronics in school, and help increase privacy among peers. Many websites such as, facebook and instagram can help people make new, valued friendships and assist people with communicating worldwide but, there is a newShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Social Media1743 Words   |  7 Pagespublic, notice how many people are immersed in their cellular devices. I bet you will see a lot, and most likely these people are on their social media accounts. According to Brooke Lusk, the database and media manager for the Prevention Researcher, social media can be defined as, â€Å"an aspect of the internet which allows individuals and groups to create and publish online content, share the content, and interact about it.† These days, people are very involved with the internet and social media. Some thinkRead MoreEffects Of Social Media On Mental Health1206 Words   |  5 Pageswas sent. This was the beginning of social media. Social media is a form of electronic communication through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other contents. Social media sites are like fads where people eventually stop using them and move on to the next one. This essay will be about the effects of social media on the mental health of the main users of social media. The age group that uses social media the most is 12-17 but the majority of peopleRead MoreCyberbullying Does Not Have A Good Effect On Self Esteem871 Words   |  4 Pages With social media and the internet being as accessible as it is today, cyberbullying has become one of the more â€Å"popular† ways to bully someone. Cyberbullying is using the internet or electronics to send a threatening or intimidating message to another person to incite fear or anger. This has become a problem in today’s society, because it is having a negative impact on our young people. Cyberbullying causes low self-esteem, psychological, and physical stress to the young people who fall victimRead MoreDigital And Print Media s Effect On The Self Respect Of The Older Generation1045 Words   |  5 PagesElectronic and print media have brought about sweeping changes in human life and have had far-reaching implications for all walks of life. Originating in the early 15th century, the printing pres s of the newspaper made the first appearance in Germany in the late 1400 s in the mode of news pamphlets or broadsides (Barber, P. 2014) [1]; and now people are easily capable of getting information through various digital devices such as sophisticated televisions and smart phones. Mass communication, howeverRead MoreSelf-Esteem an Social Media985 Words   |  4 PagesFacebook Activity and Self-Esteem Self-Esteem Self-esteem serves as the foundation for many components of who we are and our views on life. High levels of self-esteem have been correlated with greater satisfaction in multiple important aspects of life, including professions, salaries, relationships, and physical health (Orth, 2012). While good self-esteem can be associated with many benefits, low self-esteem is accompanied by countless negative qualities. In a recent study, it was found that adolescentsRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1397 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media seems to have taken over. It seems every twelve to fifty-year-old I know is glued to their smartphone or tablet, Tweeting, checking in on Facebook, sending silly pictures via SnapChat, or posting their last meal on Instagram. Not to mention all of the people followed on Tumblr, Pinterest, and Untappd that aren’t known personally, they just have common interests and shared ideas. What does this mean for our developmentally vulnerabl e youth? Social media is great for broadening socialRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagessurrounded by different social media sites: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Snapchat, and more, is being influenced one way or another and some without even realizing it. Throughout my lifetime I have seen a gradual increase in the amount of social media sites, the use of magazines, and the audiences of television shows and movies. All are experiencing a steady growth that is inflicting a negative outcome on society. With so many different influences from one form of media to the next, it is difficultRead MoreNegative Effects Of Social Media Essay805 Words   |  4 Pages The Negative Effects of Social Media Instagram, Snapchat, Facebook, Twitter, you name it. A form of social media created for communicating with others. Social media, first created by Mark Zuckerberg in 2004, launched the first real form of social media, now known as Facebook. Since then, social media has grown and is now used daily by people across the globe. But in reality, how healthy is social media for us? Social Media, the interest of today’s society and a part of our dailyRead MoreThe Effects Of Electronic Devices On Children And Adolescents Essay1463 Words   |  6 Pagesis time to stop using an electronic device. Children and adolescents today spend â€Å"1 to 3 hours per day during the week and between 1 to 4 hours per day on the weekends† (Kappos, A.D. pg. 556) on computer games, viewing videos, watching television and internet surfing to name a few. The use of electronic devices has changed the life of children/adolescent and have exposed them to a volatile and irreparable outcome, in their social interaction with peers and family, self-perception, behavior andRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Children s Involvement1730 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Thompson was found dead in his bedroom by his mother Sandra when she returned home from work. Thomas was only eleven-years old and turned to suicide by overdosing on painkillers to escape the bullies at his school. According to James Tozer from Daily Mail (2015), â€Å"Thomas is believed to be the youngest child to take his own life because of alleged bullying.† Sadly, this is not the only story of its kind when it comes to bullying, suicide or the school’s involvement. Josh Sidorowicz from Fox17

Small Business Economics

Question: Discuss about the Small Business Economics. Answer: Introduction The financial characteristic of a firm is related to a great deal of things and this includes things like the expenditure and the income that is being earned by the firm. Along with it, the financial characteristic of the firm depends on a great deal on the view of the person and on the group of the people as well. For instance, the Commonwealth government payment type, measurable income, recurrent expenditure and the income source recurrent helps in determining the financial characteristic of the firm (Price, Rae Cini, 2013). A large firm consists of not only a relatively great size but at the same time it consist a huge organization as well. The large firms most of the time are of good quality as well. On the other hand, the small firms are those firms, which is privately owned and operated. In small business or in a small firm the number of employees that are there are small in number. The global market is a competitive market, where the small business or the firms have to compete with the large as well as with the well-established business. It is possible that in the same marketplace both the small and the large business are operating together, yet they will have differences, and those too significant differences, which could affect the business operation (Bentolila, Jansen, Jimnez Ruano, 2013). There are times when the small businesses are grouped together for analysing, but then the industry where the small business operated helps in determining the financial characteristic of the business. The employment of the people working in the small firms, have reduced by 11% in the recent years and the business that had 50 or more employees under the payroll, there it has decreased by 7%. In the period of 20007 and 2012, most of the small businesses faced a disproportionate job loss, and in the overall scenario, the job losses are double the 30% share of the total employment. Thus, the situation is such that one could not find out the things that went wrong with the small business firm and thus the study tries to analyze the gap at a methodological level. Problem Statement Small businesses are those businesses that have a tendency of migrating towards the less capital-intensive industries, whereas in case of large businesses or firms the company tends towards the more capital-intensive industries (Whyman Petrescu, 2015). Therefore, the large firms are into manufacturing, transportation, telecommunication, mining and technology. On the other hand, the small businesses or the firms are into the service sector as well as in the retail sector (Varum Rocha, 2013). Therefore, it is true that the small firms have the faster turnover and at the same time it has a higher turnover at the same time. Even after that, the small firms are prone to probability of loss of sales as well, and this is there because the firm suffers from inadequate capacity, inventory and credit. Large companies or the firms has more dependence on profitability and on the return on investment, which helps them to maximize their stock price; On the other hand the small businesses do not give emphasis is given to the maximization of the company rather greater emphasis has been provided to cash flow, turnover and liquidity (de Wit de Kok, 2014). Therefore, in an economic downturn the small businesses suffer more than large enterprises, because the financial resources that they have are limited, along with having shortcomings in the managerial sector and at the same time having shortcomings in case the human capabilities as well (Aga, Francis Rodrguez-Meza, 2015). Moreover, as compare to the large firms the number of customers and the suppliers that the small firms have are relatively low, therefore, it become difficult for the small firm to sustain in the competitive market, especially during the time of economic crisis. The scenario therefore, tries to find an answer to the problem that what actually went wrong with these small sized firms. The study therefore uses both the empirical evidences and the research methodology to find an answer to this particular problem. Research Objective The aim and the objective of this particular research proposal are to investigate the fact that why the small business or the firms are having job losses, and how it is affecting the performance of the firm. Apart from investigating an answer for this particular question, the study tries to answer the following research question at the same time: RQ1: How the employment loss is affecting the performance of the firm? RQ2: How can the small firms respond to these phenomena of job losses? RQ3: What are the factors that are responsible for the job losses in the employment sector? RQ4: How the job losses are affecting the sustainability of the firm in the competitive market where the firm compete against the large and established companies? RQ5: How high employment turnover could have an affect on the small business and firms during the economic downturn. Justification of the Project The small firm businesses or the SMEs had created huge amount of job opportunities in the OECD countries, especially in the countries like USA, Italy and Japan. Apart from creating job, opportunities in these countries created new avenues in the area of employment, and the SMEs are successful in creating disproportionately new jobs for the people (Ayyagari, Demirguc-Kunt Maksimovic, 2014). The SMEs, although have succeeded in creating it, they have not succeeded in increasing the higher turnover in the employment sector. One of the main reason behind this is the fact that most of the SMEs, stays in the market not even more than five years, thus creating problem regarding job security. Moreover, things as survivals, growth as well as the profitability of the small sized firms are hugely different from the large sized firm because of the financial characteristic of the both the small sized and the large sized firms are vastly different. The small sized business have the lack of collat eral security, therefore, they have to face the problem of credit rationing and at the same time they have to face the problem of giving higher interest to the banks. The particular problem is such a problem that is most of the time not faced by the large sized firms. It is true that with the increase in private equity in the market there has been an increase in the number of the venture capitalist. The venture capitalist truly provide funds to the start ups as well as to the SMEs, but at the same time it is true as well that even then there lies a difference between both the countries. In such a situation, the justification or the benefits of conducting this particular proposal are the following: The managers of the SMEs could use the research to fight the problem of lower turnover of the employment and thus could improve their performance at the same time by increasing the turnover of employment and decreasing the job losses. The start-ups could use the research or the study to have a broader view or the knowledge about lower turnover of employment and job losses. The study will therefore, help them in their new venture or business. The research proposal would explicitly help in understanding the problems that the SMEs face due to job losses, and how it affects their sustainability in the competitive market and increase the differences that are there between the large and the small sized firms. Expected Research Outcome The possible outcome of this particular study will be that it would provide an analytical framework, which would be helpful in investigating those factors that could result in the job losses in the small sized firms. The research outcome would help the small-scale firm to come up with such a strategy that would help them to increase employment turnover, and this employment turnover, would ultimately help in the growth and the development of the firm. The research outcome would also help the firm in coming up with those strategies that would be helpful for the firm to have a high rate of employment turnover, which would help the firm during the time of economic crisis or during the time of economic down turn. The research outcome would try to answer all the five research questions that have been laid before and this would be done with the help of data collection, finding, and at the same time with the help of a deep analysis, which would be empirical in nature. The outcome of this par ticular work can be viewed as an important work in the field of academics, with relation to the problem that has been stated before in the beginning of the proposal. Apart from providing an answer to the research question, the particular proposal would try to answer the question that is related to the objective that has been stated in thee beginning of the research. The answers would be provided with the help of the findings, data collection and along with the analysis that would be made. The research outcome would not only be beneficial for the existing small sized business and firms but at the same time it is beneficial for the new start up companies as well, it would play an important role in guiding them, and would help them to make effective strategic decisions. Conceptual Framework and Hypothesis The financial structures of the SMEs are such that only a small proportion of the SMEs have achieved the success; and had enjoyed the success (Banerjee, 2015). According to research and scholars, only 50% of the total SMEs, who come up each year, could at least survive for around five years or more. The others could not even survive for that much of time; and the reason behind the decline is very simple and that is the SMEs, are less financially supported organization (Nguyen, 2013). Therefore, it become difficult for them to sustain in the competitive market, moreover, the policies of the government are not neutral towards the SMEs, thus the support that the large financial organization receive is more, whereas the support that the small financial organization receives is very less. Thus, it is obvious that the financial organization could not provide security to the people and thus most of the people working in the organization tend to leave that small-scale organization to gain mo re security (Chinedu Eze, Duan Chen, 2014). The 7% decline in the employment rate mostly occurs in the constructional sector or to be more specific it occurred in the wholesale trade area (Mudambi Doh, 2013). The SMEs, who were located in both the cities as well as in countries are affected because of these declines (Thornton, 2015). There was although, a different picture as well, and that was the young, and not that much established SMEs showed a growth in the employment rate especially during the time of 2005 to 2008. The two opposites pictures are likely to create a positive image, but then such was not the case, the decrease in the employment rate has a negative impact on the SMEs, and those are the following impacts: At least 40% of the SMEs faced a problem at the time of obtaining the finance. The crisis had a negative impact on the overall demand that is there in the market. Companies faced problem regarding innovations; almost 70% of the SMEs, were considered as modest innovators (Laforet, 2013). The differences that were there between the large and the small firms based on the size became prominent. (Figure 1: The Employment Created by Different SMEs During 2005 to 2008 Source: Varum Rocha, 2013). The problem statement and research objectives would help in forming two important, Research Hypothesis, those are: H1: Null Hypothesis: The job losses in the employment sector do not have any impact on the SMEs H2: Alternative Hypothesis: The job losses are having a huge impact on the SMEs. Methodology The following research methodologies would be undertaken, in this particular research: Literature Review: The particular research requires an in depth analysis of the literature and for the in depth analysis of the literature it is important to gain information from different sources (Hamari, Koivisto Sarsa, 2014). It include sources like Google Scholar, journal articles, data collected from the online sources, are the important sources as well (Panneerselvam, 2014). There will be a thematic analysis of these documents, which will help in understanding the effect that job losses could have on the SMEs, especially during the time of economic crisis (Mackey Gass, 2015). Data Series and Surveys/Questionnaire (The Method of Data Collection): Information that is required for this particular research could be collected through the process of series of data collection (Flick, 2015). Apart from data, collection through data series surveys would also be conducted to find out what are the factors that are responsible for the job losses that are taking place in the SMEs (Blumberg, Cooper Schindler, 2014). The surveys would also help in having the viewpoints of the people who are working in these SMEs, and it would help in knowing their beliefs and their thoughts, whether they had sense of insecurity or not (McMillan Schumacher, 2014). The questionnaire would be given to the people or to the respondent helped in knowing that how the SMEs react to the problem of job losses (Lewis, 2015). In the questionnaire, the five-point Likert scale has been used. In this particular scale 1=Strong Positive Effect to 5= Strong Negative Effect; and along with it the data survey or the data collection method also use the eleven items that are related to both financial and non-financial measures. Observing Key Indicators of Job Losses: The National Bureau of Economic Research and the other data obtain from the government source would help in determining the key indicators of the study. In fact, these sources have determined certain key indicators, which will help in measuring the impact that will be there on the SMEs if they face the problem of job losses (Bryman, 2015). Data Analysis Method: Two kinds of data analysis will be used in this particular research and these two types of data analysis are the qualitative and the quantitative way of analysis. The quantitative way of data analysis will include the descriptive statistical analysis, including the mean, median and mode as well as the deviation and the distribution of the key variables (Jensen, 2013). The hypothesis testing would be carried out with the help of regression analysis. The concept of the literature review would help in analysing the qualitative data (Taylor, Bogdan DeVault, 2015). The particular research would use all methodologies that are being discussed here. The in-depth review of the literature would help in understanding the problem then the data that is being collected through questionnaires and survey should be organized properly, and then should be analysed in a proper way (Creswell, 2013). Organisation of the Study The research would be organized in the following way: Chapter One: The first chapter or the chapter one will be based on that Research Proposal that has been described in this particular assignment. Chapter Two: Chapter two deals with the in-depth analysis of the research and the case study of job losses in the small sized firms or in the small sized business. Chapter Three: The details of the methodology would be provided in Chapter three; and this would include the literature review, data series and the surveys, and this would include the data collection method at the same time. Along with it observing key indicators of job losses in SMEs would be included, and it would have the inclusion of Chapter Four: The findings and the analysis of the proposed research would be included in chapter four. Chapter Five: Summarization of those findings that are important and this chapter would also discuss the implication that the SMEs would have due to job losses. Gannt Chart The table here shows the time that would be required to complete the whole research Task Proposal Start Day End Day Duration Project Proposal 2/06/2016 21/03/2016 19 days Literature Review 22/06/2015 8/07/2016 16 days Data Collection 9/07/2016 9/09/2016 61 days Data Analysis 10/09/2016 10/10/2016 30 days Final Report Submission 11/10/2016 12/11/2016 31 days Project Budget and Budget Justification The estimated budget of this particular project is around $3500, and the timeframe within which the particular research would be conducted, is 12th November 2016. The fact is mentioned in the Gannt Chart. The reasons behind having this particular estimation of this budget are the following: The research includes a Literature Review, and to conduct this particular Literature Review, it is important to take the help of the academic journals, textbooks and online resources. The resources are accessed with money and it requires around $1250. The process of data collection could not be carried out with the help of the email because there are chances that the email would be there in receivers spam mail box. Thus, the data collection process should be carried out through the process of face-to-face interview. The face-to-face interview would help in knowing how the managers of the SMEs face the problem of job losses, and the views of the employees working and those who have left could be found as well. There can be a time when physically approaching the person would not be possible and in such a situation, things should be sent to the people by post. Therefore, the required estimated amount in case of data collection is around $1500 Accessing the charts and the government data for data analysis also requires the fund of around $750 Purpose Estimated Amount to Spend Literature Review $1250 Data Collection $1500 Data Analysis $750 Total Budget Estimated $3500 Conclusion The problem of job losses in SMEs should be a topic of research, since in todays world, there are more and more new start-ups and SMEs coming up everyday. Therefore it is important that these start ups and the SMEs, have the knowledge about these things and that would help the companies in strategic decision making, which would help them to increase the employment turnover rate that will be innovative for the company and at the same time it would also be beneficial for the existing SMEs as well. References Aga, G. A., Francis, D., Rodrguez-Meza, J. (2015). SMEs, age, and jobs: a review of the literature, metrics, and evidence. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, (7493). Ayyagari, M., Demirguc-Kunt, A., Maksimovic, V. (2014). Who creates jobs in developing countries?. Small Business Economics, 43(1), 75-99. Banerjee, S. (2015). Development and validation of a conceptual framework for IT offshoring engagement success. Bentolila, S., Jansen, M., Jimnez, G., Ruano, S. (2013). When credit dries up: Job losses in the great recession. Blumberg, B. F., Cooper, D. R., Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business research methods. McGraw-hill education. Bryman, A. (2015). Social research methods. Oxford university press. Chinedu Eze, S., Duan, Y., Chen, H. (2014). Examining emerging ICT's adoption in SMEs from a dynamic process approach. Information Technology People, 27(1), 63-82. Creswell, J. W. (2013). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. de Wit, G., de Kok, J. (2014). Do small businesses create more jobs? New evidence for Europe. Small Business Economics, 42(2), 283-295. Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Hamari, J., Koivisto, J., Sarsa, H. (2014, January). Does gamification work?--a literature review of empirical studies on gamification. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2014 47th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 3025-3034). IEEE. Jensen, K. B. (Ed.). (2013). A handbook of media and communication research: Qualitative and quantitative methodologies. Routledge. Laforet, S. (2013). Organizational innovation outcomes in SMEs: Effects of age, size, and sector. Journal of World business, 48(4), 490-502. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 1524839915580941. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and design. Routledge. McMillan, J. H., Schumacher, S. (2014). Research in education: Evidence-based inquiry. Pearson Higher Ed. Mudambi, S. M., Doh, J. (2013). Broadening the Conceptual and Phenomenological Scope of Offshoring. In The Offshoring Challenge (pp. 369-383). Springer London. Nguyen, T. (2013). Knowledge transfer conceptual framework for small businesses. In 27th ANZAM Conference. Panneerselvam, R. (2014). Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. Price, L., Rae, D., Cini, V. (2013). SME perceptions of and responses to the recession. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(3), 484-502. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Thornton, D. B. (2015). Different Conceptual Accounting Frameworks for Public and Private Enterprises: Commentary on Canada's IFRS Transition and Suggestions for International Empirical Work. Accounting Perspectives, 14(3), 168-189. Varum, C. A., Rocha, V. C. (2013). Employment and SMEs during crises. Small Business Economics, 40(1), 9-25. Whyman, P. B., Petrescu, A. I. (2015). Workplace Flexibility Practices in SMEs: Relationship with Performance via Redundancies, Absenteeism, and Financial Turnover. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 1097-1126.

Positive Psychology Interventions example Essay Example For Students

Positive Psychology Interventions example Essay In the United States 20% of the adult population report that they are living a ?ourishing life (Keyes, 2002). However, a high percentage reports feeling as if they are ‘‘stuck’’ or ‘‘want more’’ and are yet not diagnosable with a mental disorder (Fredrickson, 2008). Because happiness has been found to be the source of many desirable life outcomes e.g. career success, marriage, and health, it is of importance to understand, how languishing individuals can reach this ideal state: How can well-being be enhanced and misery reduced (Lyubomirsky, King, Diener, 2005). Over the past decade, research in the ?eld of positive psychology has emerged to provide evidence-based methods to increase an individual’s psychological well-being, through so called positive psychology interventions (PPI’s). PPI’s are treatment methods or intentional activities used to promote positive feelings or behaviour. PPI’s vary from writing gratitude letters, practicing optimistic thinking and replaying positive experiences. A meta-analysis of 51 independent PPI studies demonstrated significant results in the effectiveness of PPI’s increasing well-being (49 studies; r = .29) (Sin Lyubomirsky, 2009).Seligman (2010) found that positive interventions tend to be addictive and self-sustaining. I would like to analyze the effectiveness of PPI’s by speaking about my own experience participating in three PPI’s: â€Å"Expressing Gratitude†, â€Å"3 Good Things† and â€Å"Random Acts of Kindness†, to see if I can agree with Seligman’s argument.My journey of the process started with the PPI â€Å"Expressing Gratitude†. The task instructed to write down five things one is thankful for, each day, for a week. Wooh, Froh Gerahty (2010) defined gratitude as a habit of noticing and being aw. . (2001) showed that grateful individuals were especially appreciative of the contribution of others to their happiness. Expressing gratitude and reviewing three good things highlighted this, and reminded me to show my loved ones my gratitude. According to my personal experience, I would not agree with Seligman saying that PPI’s are addictive but they are definitely refreshing. Participating in PPI’s once in a while raises ones awareness to remember the positive aspects of life with and to treat ones subjective-well-being. However, I do agree with his argument of the self-sustaining effect of PPI’s. Due to participating in PPI’s, I try to be consciously aware of being grateful and kind to others as it increases my well-being. However, but it has to be practiced consistently due to negatives and stresses of our everyday life in our society that are always persistent.